• br Signaling pathways activated by pulsatile GnRH In the pit

  2022-05-11

  

  Signaling pathways activated by pulsatile GnRH In the pituitary, GnRH acts by binding to the G protein-coupled GnRHR on the cell surface of the gonadotrope, inducing interaction of the receptor with heterotrimeric G proteins and catalyzing GTP-GDP exchange on the G protein α subunit (Lambert, 200

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Obesity is a growing pan

  2022-05-11

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Obesity is a growing pandemic, which becomes a global public health problem. The evidence has been readily available and mounting, demonstrating that obesity increases incidences of chronic comorbidities, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, diabetes, cardi

• br Results and discussion br Conclusions TZDs represent a we

  2022-05-11

  

  Results and discussion Conclusions TZDs represent a well-studied group of antidiabetic agents. Based on previous observations of the ability of some TZDs to activate FFAR1, we designed five scaffolds consisting of the TZD head, a linker, and a carefully selected privileged structure. For the p

• To maintain low Glu concentrations in

  2022-05-11

  

  To maintain low Glu concentrations in the synaptic cleft below the affinity of its receptors, this amino Senegenin synthesis is rapidly removed from the extracellular space by a family of sodium-dependent high-affinity transport systems located mainly in the plasma membrane of perisynaptic astrocyte

• The GH family has potential applications

  2022-05-11

  

  The GH family has potential applications in various industries. A putative ORF encoding α-galactosidase, namely GalR, with a low identical match and e-value and high query coverage in the metagenome was selected because it demonstrated considerable activity. GalR shared 65% identity with the GH 27 p

• Both anxiety like behavior and sucrose preference

  2022-05-11

  

  Both anxiety-like behavior and sucrose preference/intake were reduced in GPR40/FFAR1 KO male mice, while social behavior was normal in KO mice. These findings indicate that brain GPR40/FFAR1 is involved in the modulation of anxiety- and depression-like behavior in rodents. Previous studies have demo

• Reports described a range of synthetic

  2022-05-11

  

  Reports described a range of synthetic GPR40 agonists with desirable safety and efficacy profiles, compared with existing antidiabetic therapies such as insulin and sulfonylureas [[20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28]]. Among them, several small molecules were tested in the clinical t

• Accordingly and in animal models a

  2022-05-11

  

  Accordingly and in animal models, a high-fat diet rich in CO (CO-HFD) impeded ventricular function and induced cardiac cell death and remodeling, at least, by down-regulating cell antioxidant defense systems and induction of oxidative stress [28], [29], [30], [31]. Interestingly, long chain fatty ac

• br FAAH mediation of fear and extinction In

  2022-05-11

  

  FAAH mediation of fear and extinction In addition to being a major target and modulator of stress, the BLA is a critical node within the neural circuitry subserving learned fear behaviors. The BLA is activated during the formation, expression, and extinction of conditioned fear memories, and dama

• br Experimental procedures br Conflicts of

  2022-05-11

  

  Experimental procedures Conflicts of interests Introduction Here we investigate differences in growth properties and short-term morphological changes in response to ET-1 in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably and separately expressing ETA or ETB receptors. A stably transfected CHO syst

• This study has some limitations The RDS technique

  2022-05-11

  

  This study has some limitations. The RDS technique was not effective for the population of MSM from Natal, as it has not reached the sample size initially calculated. Few seeds had enough waves to disperse the sample and make it closer to a probabilistic sample, even with all efforts from the resear

• Quercitrin Classically HIF levels and consequently

  2022-05-10

  

  Classically HIF-α levels and consequently HIF transcriptional activity have been associated with hypoxic conditions. However, some years ago, regulation by hormones of HIF transcriptional activity under normoxic conditions was demonstrated. Different stimuli such as heregulin, IGF1 and insulin, amon

• In cancer cells HIF upregulates HK II

  2022-05-10

  

  In cancer cells, HIF-1α upregulates HK-II expression by binding to the hypoxia-responsive element in the HK-II promoter region to adapt to hypoxic conditions [20]. In the present study, we observed that mangiferin transiently increased HIF-1α expression in endothelial cells, suggesting another possi

• Several studies have also shown that HK may be

  2022-05-10

  

  Several studies have also shown that HK2 may be an important downstream memantine hcl of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and may contribute to the development of cancer [15]. In our previous study, we found AKT2 expression was positively correlated with HK2 expression in primary colon cancer spe

• br Heme and the HO system

  2022-05-10

  

  Heme and the HO system Heme, a complex of iron and protoporphyrin IX, has versatile functions, which are critical for the survival of all aerobic organisms including mammalians and bacteria [9]. The central iron in heme facilitates six ligand binding sites [10], four of which are occupied by nitr

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