• Polyunsaturated fatty acid components of brain are

  2021-09-03

  

  Polyunsaturated fatty d-biotin synthesis components of brain are more prone to oxidative attack, an event called lipid peroxidation. Consistent with previous findings on neurotoxicity [58,59], colistin sulphate increased the level of MDA in the brain of rats. The elevated MDA, a consequence of over

• It has been indicated that chemicals induced mammalian

  2021-09-03

  

  It has been indicated that chemicals-induced mammalian cell death is mediated by GSK-3 activation (by downregulated of GSK-3 phosphorylation) leading to apoptosis (Huang et al., 2014, Li et al., 2014, Tanabe et al., 2011, Yun et al., 2009). In contrast, accumulating evidences have reported that the

• Recently an increasing number of

  2021-09-02

  

  Recently, an increasing number of studies have highlighted the crucial role of nociceptive factors produced by microglia under neuropathic pain conditions (Mika et al., 2013; Popiolek-Barczyk and Mika, 2016). iNOS is an important pronociceptive factor that is strictly expressed by microglia/macropha

• br Potential endogenous agonists of GPR

  2021-09-02

  

  Potential endogenous agonists of GPR35 The first endogenously produced chemical that was shown to be able to activate GPR35 was the tryptophan metabolite kynurenic 2-Phenyl-2-(1-piperidinyl)propane [8]. When human GPR35 was expressed along with a mixture of promiscuous and chimeric G proteins 9,

• Hyper Assembly In addition during the preparation of

  2021-09-02

  

  In addition, during the preparation of this manuscript, Oka et al. [7] demonstrated that LPA acts as receptor ligand for GPR35 and that LPA is more potent than KYNA in eliciting a calcium mobilization (EC50: 30nM vs. 39μM for LPA and KYNA, respectively). Other endogenous GPR35 ligands, therefore, mi

• An alternative approach to improving pharmacokinetic profile

  2021-09-02

  

  An alternative approach to improving pharmacokinetic profile while retaining high GlyT1 potency was also pursued. Libraries were prepared in which potency enhancing piperidine C4 substituents were combined with clearance lowering truncated alkyl sulfonamides. The result was the discovery of (). Unli

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2021-09-02

  

  Materials and methods Results and discussion Conclusion A new label-free targeted methodology using two-step fractionation coupled with conventional microflow LC-MS/MS was developed and validated to profile 54 selected clinically relevant human plasma glycoproteins. The developed method has

• br Materials and methods br

  2021-09-02

  

  Materials and methods Results Conclusions We developed a glutamate biosensor with chitosan as a matrix for the immobilization of the enzyme glutamate oxidase on the surface of a platinum electrode. Our miniaturized biosensor of 50 µm in diameter can be applied for monitoring glutamate in vi

• br The concept of the axo myelin synapse Axons can

  2021-09-02

  

  The concept of the axo-myelin ‘synapse’ Axons can release glutamate in a Ca+-dependent and independent manner (reviewed in [13,69]). Glutamate released from axons activates GluRs located in myelin, a feature that gave rise to the idea of the axo-myelin ‘synapse’ by analogy with classical synaptic

• Historically a role for the prefrontal cortex in

  2021-09-02

  

  Historically, a role for the prefrontal cortex in spatial working memory has been repeatedly claimed (for review, see Kolb, 1984). Older studies using traditional, non-fibre-sparing lesions (e.g. aspiration lesions) often resulted in spatial alternation deficits. In contrast, more recent studies emp

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Here

  2021-09-02

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Here, we investigated the inhibitory effects and associated mechanisms of phloroglucinol on α-glucosidase. Our results showed that phloroglucinol reversibly inhibited α-glucosidase in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 1), with the double-reciprocal plot

• The in vivo biological activity of the four

  2021-09-02

  

  The in vivo biological activity of the four novel analogues was then systematically assessed in three animal models including normal control, high fat fed and ob/ob mice. As expected from earlier in vitro studies, all four glucagon receptor antagonists had minor effects on glucose or insulin concent

• br Ethics approval br Availability of

  2021-09-02

  

  Ethics approval Availability of data and materials Consent for publication Competing interests Authors contributions Introduction Glucose supply to tissues is maintained through a complex regulatory network mostly driven by the pancreatic hormones insulin and glucagon which control

• GPR which is also known as

  2021-09-02

  

  GPR40, which is also known as FFA receptor 1 (FFAR1 or FFA1), was identified as an orphan receptor in the search for novel human galanin receptor (GALR) subtypes in 1997. Using reverse pharmacology approaches measuring calcium transients, GPR40 were deorphanized and characterized as being activated

• It raises a question about origin of

  2021-09-02

  

  It raises a question about origin of the sensitivity to Ca of both FBPase isozymes. Was the ancestral vertebrate FBPase inhibited by calcium similarly to the liver isozyme? And is the high sensitivity of FBP2 a new evolutionary feature of warm-blooded vertebrates? Additionally, since subcellular lo

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