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br Materials and methods br Results and
2020-02-27
Materials and methods Results and discussion Concluding remarks Enzymatic production of bioactive 9-cis-11-trans-conjugated linoleic Obeticholic Acid is part of a detoxification mechanism against linoleic acid which is a toxic and stress factor for many lactic bacteria such as Lactobacillus
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DIDS The absence of the LIG gene in
2020-02-27
The absence of the LIG3 gene in yeasts has prevented the use of genetically tractable lower eukaryotes, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, as models to gain insights into the cellular functions of and interplay between the DNA ligases encoded by the LIG1, LIG3 and LIG4 g
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Methylation of histone tails is important in regulating chro
2020-02-27
Methylation of histone tails is important in regulating methysergide mg structure and transcription. Methylation occurs at arginine and at mono-, di- or tri-methylated lysine residues. The reversibility of histone methylation was recently revealed by the identification of two histone demethylases,
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br Introduction In addition to the
2020-02-27
Introduction In addition to the canonical double stranded structure, DNA can form various higher order structures such as bulges, and various kinds of mismatches, triplexes, to the G-quadruplex (G4). Over the past decades, accumulating evidence has begun to emerge that these non-canonical structu
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The Czech Republic is a country with
2020-02-27
The Czech Republic is a country with increasing CDI incidence (1.1 cases per 10,000 patient bed-days in 2008–4.4 cases in 2011–2012 and 6.2 cases per 10,000 patient bed-days in 2012–2013) (Bauer et al., 2011, Davies et al., 2014) and relatively high rates of antibiotic resistant C. difficile strains
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Bovine collagen type II a fibrillar collagen mainly found
2020-02-27
Bovine collagen type II, a fibrillar collagen mainly found in cartilage, comprises 24 potentially glycosylated lysine residues within its collagen domain. Detailed analysis revealed that 22 out of 23 of these lysine residues are hydroxylated and carry variable numbers of Gal(β1-O) and Glc(α1-2)Gal(β
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Tibolone is also efficacious on bone in elderly women and
2020-02-26
Tibolone is also efficacious on bone in elderly women and induces a clear reduction in bone turnover markers [50], [51]. Rymer et al. showed that, after 10 years of treatment with tibolone, the difference in bone mineral density compared with a placebo group was more than 12% for both lumbar spine a
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E is encoded by the largest and most conserved open
2020-02-26
E1 is encoded by the largest and most conserved open-reading frame (ORF) of the PV genome. The protein ranges in size from 600 to 650 amino acids, depending on the PV type. Overall, the protein can be divided into three functional segments: an N-terminal regulatory region that is essential for optim
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br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We
2020-02-26
STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We thank members of R.L. lab and F. Schweisguth for critical reading of the manuscript. We are also grateful to F. Janody, M. Miura, C. Bökel, H.D. Ryoo, G. Jiménez, the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, the Drosophila Genetic Resource Center, the Vienna Drosoph
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On the other hand although the cardiovascular
2020-02-26
On the other hand, although the cardiovascular effects of Epac have been investigated more intensely in recent years [31], there are hardly any studies that suggest or discard a participation of Epac in endothelium-dependent cAMP-induced relaxation. Only our previous results in rat BB94 contractilit
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Multiple protein species are known to
2020-02-26
Multiple protein species are known to naturally exist for the transmembrane receptors DDR1 and DDR2. Five splice variants have been characterized for DDR1 (“a” through “e”). The d and e isoforms lack the intracellular kinase domain of DDR1. The splicing of DDR1 to various extents has been reported i
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While PRRSV has been recently shown
2020-02-26
While PRRSV has been recently shown to induce SGs, the exact nature of SG formation and its underlying mechanism of regulating antiviral immune response during PRRSV infection remain unclear (Zhou et al., 2017). Formation of PRRSV-induced SGs was observed in MARC145 GSK-923295 (Chen et al., 2018) a
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Similarly in the EAE model Chalmin et al previously demonstr
2020-02-26
Similarly in the EAE model, Chalmin et al. previously demonstrated that EBI2 and CH25H might be responsible for the efficient egress of differentiated Th17 cells from the draining lymph nodes [31]. As discussed above, in active EAE we did not find differences in EAE development and only the transfer
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br The classical ubiquitination pathway Ubiquitination
2020-02-26
The classical ubiquitination pathway Ubiquitination is an enzymatic process that involves the addition of an ubiquitin protein to a substrate that usually becomes inactivated followed by degradation in the proteasome; however, several other functions have also been described. For the discovery of
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A role for the E E interface in governing mono
2020-02-26
A role for the E2–E3 interface in governing mono- versus polyubiquitination is not mutually exclusive with that of the E2 backside, which has previously been shown to mediate polyubiquitination through its ability to bind to Ub [21], [25], [33]. Brzovic and colleagues first demonstrated the importan